Dieta y cáncer

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Course Overview

A lo largo de los próximos 3 temas resumiremos la evidencia existente acerca de la asociación entre nutrición y cáncer, la relación existente entre nutrición y composición corporal y la asociación entre composición corporal y cáncer.

Para ello comenzaremos introduciendo, en el primer tema, algunos conceptos esenciales que nos permitan entender el proceso de formación del cáncer. También describiremos la evolución del cáncer a lo largo de los últimos años, lo que nos permitirá obtener consciencia plena de la importancia de este grupo de enfermedades en nuestro país.

El World Cancer Research Fund y el American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) publicaron en 2007 un informe sobre alimentación, nutrición, actividad física y riesgo de cáncer, resumiendo toda la evidencia existente acerca del papel de estos factores en la génesis del cáncer. Esta labor ha continuado posteriormente dentro del llamado “Continuous Update Project (CUP)” que se encarga de actualizar las conclusiones alcanzadas en informe de 2007. El CUP ha publicado varias revisiones sobre cáncer de mama (2010), colorrectal (2011), páncreas (2012), endometrio (2013), ovario(2014), próstata (2014), vejiga (2015), vesícula biliar (2015), riñón (2015) e hígado (2015). En el tema 2, resumiremos toda la evidencia recogida en estos informes sobre el grado de asociación (convincente, probable, limitada-sugerente, efecto poco probable) entre dieta y cáncer y sobre los posibles mecanismos implicados.

Dada la fuerte y casi inseparable relación existente entre dieta y composición corporal, en estos informes también se sintetiza la evidencia existente hasta la fecha sobre los determinantes del sobrepeso, la obesidad y la ganancia de peso, así como el grado de asociación entre composición corporal y cáncer y los mecanismos por los cuales se explica dicha asociación. En el tema 3 se recogen, de forma abreviada, las principales conclusiones de estos informes.

Por último, proporcionaremos a los lectores una tabla resumen de la evidencia del efecto de la dieta y la composición corporal en el riesgo de cáncer por tipo de tumor y grado de evidencia, así como una serie de recomendaciones basadas en esta evidencia, orientadas a la prevención del cáncer.

265 thoughts on “Dieta y cáncer”

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